An infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses, which is also known as the flu. It affects people of all ages and lead to mild to severe illness and occasionally death.

Types of Influenza Viruses

There are three categories of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics, while influenza C typically causes mild respiratory illness.

Transmission

Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or talk. It can spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Common symptoms of influenza include

• Sudden onset of high fever
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Headache
• Muscle or body aches
• Fatigue (tiredness)

Risk Factors: Severe influenza complications include age (young children and the elderly), underlying health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), pregnancy, and weakened immune systems.

Prevention

• Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all everyone aged six months and above, particularly those at higher risk
• Practicing good hand hygiene
• Cover mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals

Treatment

Treatment options for influenza include medications that reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if administered within 48 hours of their onset. Supportive care involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms such as fever and pain.

Influenza, also referred to as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses. The severity of its effects can vary, influencing individuals in different ways. Vaccination, hygiene practices, and staying home when sick are crucial for prevention. Quick medical care can help manage symptoms and prevent complications, especially for vulnerable groups like the young, elderly, and those with health conditions.