Dyspepsia / Indigestion
Dyspepsia, commonly known as indigestion or upset stomach, refers to discomfort or pain experienced in the upper abdomen. It’s not a standalone condition but rather a symptom that can be caused by various digestive issues such as GERD, ulcers, or gallbladder disease.
Factors Contributing to Indigestion: Indigestion can be influenced by several factors, including:
- Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking.
- Emotional factors like anxiety, stress, and depression.
While dyspepsia itself may not be a serious health concern, if left untreated, it can impact one’s overall well-being by reducing appetite and affecting daily activities. Seeking medical advice promptly is crucial to identify the underlying cause of dyspepsia.
Symptoms: Common symptoms of dyspepsia include:
- Burning sensation in the stomach.
- Stomach pain.
- Loss of appetite.
- Gas.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Acid taste.
- Audible stomach sounds.
- Heartburn.
Severe symptoms requiring immediate medical attention may include vomiting blood, sudden weight loss, black or bloody stools, severe abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, or fatigue.
Causes: The causes of indigestion can vary and may include:
- Ulcers.
- GERD.
- Stomach cancer.
- Gastroparesis.
- Stomach infections.
- Irritable bowel syndrome.
- Chronic pancreatitis.
- Thyroid disease.
- Pregnancy.
- Gallstones.
- Certain medications and lifestyle habits such as excessive eating, fast eating, high-fat or spicy foods, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Diagnosis: Diagnostic tests for dyspepsia may include:
- Physical examination.
- Laboratory tests (blood, breath, stool).
- Upper GI endoscopy.
- Diagnostic imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans.
Treatment: Treatment options for indigestion may include:
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals.
- Avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
- Limiting consumption of high-fat or spicy foods.
- Managing stress and anxiety.
- Avoiding acidic foods like citrus fruits and tomatoes.
- Avoiding painkillers and other medications that trigger indigestion.
- Avoiding lying down or exercising immediately after meals.
- Medications such as proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, antibiotics, or antidepressants may be prescribed based on the underlying cause of indigestion.
Seeking medical advice and following the recommended treatment plan can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall digestive health.
