• Lower Tract UTIs Symptoms:
• • Burning sensation during urination
  • Increased frequency of urination with reduced volume
  • Urgency to urinate
  • Presence of blood in urine
  • Cloudy or dark-colored urine
  • Strong-smelling urine
  • Pelvic pain in women or rectal discomfort in men
    
    
• Upper Tract UTIs Symptoms:
  • Pain and tenderness in the upper back and sides
  • Chills
  • Fever
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: Initial assessment by a healthcare provider.
• Urine Tests: Collection of a ‘clean catch’ urine sample to identify microbial presence, with high levels of white blood cells indicating infection.
• Diagnostic Imaging:
  • Ultrasound: Provides detailed images of urinary tract organs.
  • Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): Dye injection followed by X-rays to highlight urinary tract structures.
  • Cystoscopy: Insertion of a camera-equipped tube into the bladder for visual inspection and tissue sampling.
  • CT Scan: Offers detailed urinary system images.

Treatment

• Bacterial Infections: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to eradicate bacterial UTIs.
• Fungal Infections: Antifungal medications are administered if fungal agents are identified.
• Viral Infections: Antiviral drugs are prescribed for viral UTIs, although these are less common.